tokala (Pine Ridge, SD)
Member since Tuesday, July 24, 2007
Last login 12/10/2007 10:38:19 AM
I'm of Indigenous Culture 76.56 percent (Tituwan:Cree;, 12.44 percent French (Francios Janis), Scottish (Benj. Mills), African (Mary louise Dany).
I' am an Ikce Wicasa First, A Lakota Second.
In the end the warriors had little to show for their long, costly defiance -only prison,death,reservations and a
trail of blood littered with the screds of torn paper of a hundred broken pledges/treaties. Yet if the white man had
broken his word , so had the warriors. If the Whiteman had refused to treat them as men, then how much more the
Indians scorned these pale-skinned white-eyes. They had led the countless tours/indian campaigns a long merry chase,
had given as they recieved. Out of the years of fighting and final defects, the warriors could take pride in one
incontroverible facts. They had defied and in defting sustained their right to call themselves the People. The story
should end here, but it doesn't. Although the long clashes with European and Warriors is over, the killing and
bloodshed stopped, this marked only the end of one form of conquest and destruction and the beginning of another
(Survival:Chief Seattle)...
For on the reservations began the last great humiliation of the People (Lakota) - a dehumanizing and deculturizing
process that exceeded anything that had gone on before.
The new Chiefs of the Indian Bureau began a systematic and efficient effort to destroy the Indians Past , separate
them from their language, culture and religion and make them into the Bureau's model W.A.S.P.s.. Assimilation became
the new goal of the United States of America's Indian Policy. Children were taken from their parents and shipped of
to the boarding schools many miles from home where they were beaten for using their native language, forbidden to
wear their own costumes, and taught ANGLO crafts, trades or skills which would force them into third & Second Class
jobs and second class citizenship in the White-man(s) World.
Reservation Life: 1)Poverty 2)disease 3)squalor 4)loss of relations And 5)de-customization prevailed.
All reservation affairs were handled by the Indian Officer and its employees and decisions rarely, if ever, took into
account what Indians wanted. The Government was determined that the Warriors must become small-plot subsistence
farmers and ranchers and did everything possible to force them to accept such a future.
The 1920's...reform attempt through 1924 law...Indian Citizenship whether they wanted it or not...Then 1934 Indian
Reorganization Act... Red Man's Magna Carta ...voice in management of its economic and political affairs. These met
opposition...i.e. superintendent tried to circumvent the requirements of the Reorganization Act.
During the early years of the twentieth century, they consistently refused to carry out many of the government?s
plans and programs.
Passage of the Reorganization Bill...Indians set up {Corr..err.} Tribal Councils.
During the 1950's and 1960's ... BIA concerned of crowding and poverty on Reservations established Two Programs; 1)
Termination of Federal-Tribal relationships 2) incorporation of the Indians Lands into States, and relocation of rual
and reservation Indians to urban regions.
Resistance by native Americans into development of National Organizations NCAI, Intertribal Councils, Amer. Ind.
Chicago Confer., TANF, JTPA, JOM, WIA, NEW, BIA, DSS, DEM etc..
Furthermore...
Actually, the movement of tribesmen from a rural to an urban environment in the 50's insured that the future would
have to be different. The events of that decade willed us urban Indians and rural Indians now about equal in number
and more Indian problems to solve than ever before in history. Where as prior to 1953, rural Indians were willing to
accept orderly progress secure in the fact that the IRA of 1934 protected them, urban Indians live with no such
fanciful illusions today. They want justice now, and they will burn the B.I.A. or occupy Wounded Knee to get it. And
like the cities, that have molded them for the past decades, they are impatient, vocal, and easy to anger. If they do
indeed become violent in the days ahead, maybe we should reflect momentarily and remember that DILLION MYER, H.C.R.
108, P.L. 280 and the melting-pot myth many cherish have helped, in our lifetime, to turn orderly and dignified
progress into a tragic nightmare for the thousands of People.
Book: Forked Tongues & Broken Treaties. Copyright 1975
Donald E. Worcester
Conclusion Case: Indian Tribes do-not have complete sovereignty is irresistible if I? am to follow an unbroken line
of decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court extending from the early 1900 century until the year before last. (Judge
Warren K. Urbom :U.S. Dist.)Whether the Sioux will ever be again be sovereign...will be up to Congress and the
President of the U.S. and it is not a decision that will come from the U.S. Courts...Jurisdiction is not a matter of
treaties alone but also of legislation...the 1868 treaty has been modified several times by congressional
legislation...by Implication 1924 Citizenship...transferred criminal jurisdiction over Indians as dependent nations,
rather than complete sovereignty...subject to treaty making and laws of congress.
?Tokala Terminator.
[addition 8.17.2000]
Indian Leaders
During the 1920s American Indian leaders went to the nation's capital to secure the rights of the tribes to pass on
their heritage to future generations. One of the group was Frank Iyall, grandson of Chief Leschi's sister. He lived
on the Nisqually Indian reservation, where he raised cattle and horses, and farmed about 80 acres. His wife, Ida
Smith, conducted Indian Shaker Church services and hosted social gatherings in their home. One of Iyall's many
negotiations involved lobbying for the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924, which enabled American Indians to vote and
authorized citizenship for those born within the territorial limits of the United States. He also was instrumental in
getting federal recognition for the Nisqually tribe.
Govt2000 Sunday, July 16, 2000
1994 Draft Declaration of Indigenous Peoples Rights.
Tokala Society oldest in traditions of Great Plains Indians (Lakota).
What is your current occupation? Do you enjoy it?
Utilities Office.
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What is your educational background? Are you currently in school?
College: Agriculture; Natural Resources; IT & Computer Technology Contractual;
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Do you have any hobbies or other interests? Describe:
Fishing, rock collecting
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Where are your favorite places? Where would you like to go most?
nature, large bodies of water, moutains
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